Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question Answer PDF Download
If you are a class 10 student who is studying geography, you might be interested in downloading the PDF of the question answer for chapter 1. This chapter is about resources and development, which are very important topics for understanding the environment and society. In this article, we will provide you with a summary of the chapter, as well as some tips on how to download the PDF.
class 10 geography chapter 1 question answer pdf download
Introduction
Resources are everything in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs and wants. They can be natural or human-made, biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable, etc. Development is the process of using these resources to improve the quality of life of people. However, development should not harm the environment or deplete the resources for future generations. This is called sustainable development.
Chapter 1 of class 10 geography introduces you to the concept of resources and their classification. It also explains how to develop and manage resources in a sustainable way. It also covers the topics of land resources and soil resources, which are very important for agriculture and other activities. By studying this chapter, you will learn about the various types of resources, their distribution, utilization, conservation and planning in India.
To download the PDF of the question answer for this chapter, you can follow these steps:
Visit the official website of NCERT or any other reliable source that provides free PDFs of NCERT books.
Select class 10 from the list of classes.
Select geography from the list of subjects.
Select Contemporary India II from the list of books.
Select chapter 1 from the list of chapters.
Click on download PDF or view online option.
Save the PDF file on your device or print it out if you want.
Types of Resources
Resources can be classified in different ways based on various criteria. Some of the common ways of classifying resources are:
Biotic and Abiotic Resources
Biotic resources are those that are obtained from living organisms, such as plants, animals, humans, etc. They include food, fibre, fuel, etc. Abiotic resources are those that are derived from non-living things, such as rocks, metals, minerals, water, air, etc. They include coal, iron ore, copper, etc.
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Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
Renewable resources are those that can be replenished or regenerated by natural processes within a short period of time. They include solar energy, wind energy, water, forests, wildlife, etc. Non-renewable resources are those that take a long time to form and cannot be replaced once they are used up. They include fossil fuels, minerals, metals, etc.
Individual, Community, National and International Resources
Individual resources are those that are owned by private individuals or groups. They include plantation, pasture land, pond, well, etc. Community resources are those that are shared by a community or a group of people. They include burial ground, village pond, public park, etc. National resources are those that belong to a nation or a country. They include rivers, lakes, forests, minerals, etc. International resources are those that lie beyond the territorial limits of a country but can be used by it with international agreements. They include oceanic resources, Antarctic resources, etc.
Potential, Developed, Stock and Reserves Resources
Potential resources are those that have not been utilized or exploited yet, but have the potential to be used in the future. They include uranium, geothermal energy, tidal energy, etc. Developed resources are those that have been surveyed, measured and used for human purposes. They include coal, oil, natural gas, etc. Stock resources are those that are available in the environment but are not accessible or usable due to lack of technology or cost. They include water in glaciers, minerals in ocean floor, etc. Reserves resources are those that are accessible and usable with the existing technology and economy. They include iron ore, copper, gold, etc.
Development of Resources
Development of resources means using them for human welfare and progress. However, development should not be done at the cost of environmental degradation or social injustice. Development should be sustainable, which means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development requires balancing the economic, social and environmental aspects of development.
To conserve and manage resources, we need to adopt some measures such as:
Using resources efficiently and avoiding wastage.
Recycling and reusing resources as much as possible.
Using renewable and alternative sources of energy instead of non-renewable ones.
Protecting and restoring the natural habitats and ecosystems of resources.
Creating awareness and education among people about the importance and value of resources.
Enforcing laws and regulations to prevent overexploitation and misuse of resources.
Participating in local and global initiatives to conserve and manage resources.
The challenges and opportunities of resource development are:
ChallengesOpportunities
Limited availability and uneven distribution of resources.Improving technology and innovation to explore and utilize new resources.
Rising demand and consumption of resources due to population growth and development.Reducing poverty and inequality and improving living standards of people.
Pollution and degradation of environment due to resource extraction and use.Promoting green and clean development and enhancing environmental quality.
Conflict and competition over resources among different groups and countries.Cooperation and collaboration over resource sharing and management.
Lack of awareness and participation among people about resource conservation and management.Empowering and educating people about their rights and responsibilities regarding resources.
Land Resources
Land is one of the most important natural resources as it supports various human activities such as agriculture, industry, transport, etc. It also provides habitat for various plants and animals. Land use refers to the way humans use land for different purposes. Land use can be classified into six categories: forest land, agricultural land, fallow land, pasture land, waste land and other land.
Land Classification
The land classification in India is based on the following criteria:
The percentage of net sown area (NSA) to total reporting area (TRA). NSA is the area sown with crops at least once in a year. TRA is the total area for which data is available. The states with higher percentage of NSA are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, etc. The states with lower percentage of NSA are Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, etc.
The percentage of forest area to TRA. Forest area is the area covered by natural or planted trees. The states with higher percentage of forest area are Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, etc. The states with lower percentage of forest area are Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, etc.
The percentage of non-agricultural uses to TRA. Non-agricultural uses include land used for buildings, roads, railways, industries, etc. The states with higher percentage of non-agricultural uses are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, etc. The states with lower percentage of non-agricultural uses are Bihar, Assam, Odisha, etc.
The percentage of barren and wasteland to TRA. Barren and wasteland includes land that is unfit for cultivation due to rocky, sandy or saline conditions. The states with higher percentage of barren and wasteland are Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, etc. The states with lower percentage of barren and wasteland are Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar, etc.
The percentage of current fallow to TRA. Current fallow is the land that is left uncultivated for one or less than one agricultural year. The states with higher percentage of current fallow are Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, etc. The states with lower percentage of current fallow are Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, etc.
The percentage of other fallow to TRA. Other fallow is the land that is left uncultivated for more than one agricultural year but less than five years. The states with higher percentage of other fallow are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, etc. The states with lower percentage of other fallow are Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nagaland, etc.
The percentage of cultivable wasteland to TRA. Cultivable wasteland is the land that is left uncultivated for more than five years due to lack of irrigation, soil erosion, waterlogging, etc. The states with higher percentage of cultivable wasteland are Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, etc. The states with lower percentage of cultivable wasteland are Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, etc.
Factors Affecting Land Use
The land use pattern in India is influenced by various factors such as:
Physical factors: These include climate, soil, topography, water resources, etc. They affect the suitability and productivity of land for different purposes.
Economic factors: These include population, technology, capital, market, etc. They affect the demand and supply of land for different activities.
Social factors: These include culture, tradition, religion, etc. They affect the preferences and choices of people for using land in different ways.
Political factors: These include policies, laws, regulations, etc. They affect the allocation and distribution of land for different sectors and groups.
Soil Resources
Soil is another important natural resource that supports various human activities such as agriculture, forestry, industry, etc. It also provides habitat for various microorganisms and plants. Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic matter over a long period of time.
Soil Formation
The process of soil formation involves five factors: parent material, climate, relief, organisms and time. Parent material is the original rock from which soil is derived. Climate influences the rate and type of weathering and decomposition. Relief determines the drainage and erosion of soil. Organisms contribute to the organic matter and nutrient cycling in soil. Time determines the degree of maturity and development of soil.
Types of Soil in India
India has a variety of soils due to its diverse physical and climatic conditions. The major types of soil in India are:
Alluvial soil: It is formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers. It is found in the Indo-Gangetic plains and coastal plains. It is fertile and suitable for crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, etc.
Black soil: It is formed by the weathering of volcanic rocks. It is found in the Deccan plateau and central India. It is rich in iron and calcium but poor in nitrogen and phosphorus. It is suitable for crops like cotton, sorghum, millet, etc.
Red soil: It is formed by the weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It is found in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau and the eastern ghats. It is rich in iron and potassium but poor in nitrogen and phosphorus. It is suitable for crops like rice, millet, pulses, etc.
Laterite soil: It is formed by the leaching of minerals due to heavy rainfall and high temperature. It is found in the western ghats, the eastern ghats and some parts of northeastern India. It is poor in fertility and organic matter. It is suitable for crops like tea, coffee, rubber, etc.
Arid soil: It is formed by the accumulation of salts due to low rainfall and high evaporation. It is found in the arid and semi-arid regions of western India. It is sandy and saline. It is suitable for crops like millet, barley, cotton, etc.
Forest soil: It is formed by the decomposition of organic matter from plants and animals. It is found in the hilly and mountainous regions of India. It is loamy and humus-rich. It is suitable for crops like wheat, maize, potatoes, etc.
Soil Erosion and Degradation
Soil erosion is the removal of topsoil by natural agents such as water, wind, ice, etc. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality due to human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, overcultivation, mining, etc. Soil erosion and degradation lead to loss of fertility, productivity and biodiversity of soil. They also cause problems such as floods, droughts, landslides, desertification, etc.
To prevent soil erosion and degradation, we need to adopt some measures such as:
Afforestation and reforestation to increase the vegetative cover of soil.
Contour ploughing and terracing to reduce the runoff of water on slopes.
Strip cropping and crop rotation to maintain the nutrient balance of soil.
Mulching and cover cropping to protect the soil from direct exposure to sun and wind.
Conservation tillage and organic farming to improve the structure and texture of soil.
Check dams and bunds to control the flow of water and prevent soil erosion.
Agroforestry and social forestry to integrate trees with crops and animals.
Conclusion
In this article, we have discussed the chapter 1 of class 10 geography which deals with resources and development. We have summarized the main points of the chapter, such as types of resources, development of resources, land resources and soil resources. We have also provided some tips on how to download the PDF of the question answer for this chapter. We hope that this article has helped you to understand the chapter better and prepare well for your exams.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers related to the chapter:
Q: What are biotic resources?A: Biotic resources are those that are obtained from living organisms, such as plants, animals, humans, etc.
Q: What are non-renewable resources?A: Non-renewable resources are those that take a long time to form and cannot be replaced once they are used up. They include fossil fuels, minerals, metals, etc.
Q: What are international resources?A: International resources are those that lie beyond the territorial limits of a country but can be used by it with international agreements. They include oceanic resources, Antarctic resources, etc.
Q: What is sustainable development?A: Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.
Q: What are the types of soil in India?A: The types of soil in India are alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, arid soil and forest soil.
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